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KRUGER SYNDROME (IGNORANT COURAGE)
Developed by
Justin Kruger and David Dunning, this theory clearly demonstrates one of the
greatest problems in today's business and politics. We call this problem the
so-called " ignorant courage." In fact, this fact, known by all of
us, was the subject of scientific research with very beautiful examples, and in
2000, he won the Nobel Prize. And what is this ignorant courage?
In this theory, 'Ignorance increases the self-confidence of the person, unlike the real information' hypothesis was adopted. In this context, in the social experiment conducted at Cornell University, students were asked about the grades they expected from the exam. Many subjects who could not answer even 10% of the questions were expecting 60 or more grades, while the respondents who answered more than 90% of the questions stated that they were expecting 70 or more and formed the most modest group.
Many of us discuss how they are in the current capacity of some of the individuals we have encountered in our social life, especially in the executive and supervisory positions. We wonder how these individuals, who have no qualifications, have risen so high in their careers. Individuals with inadequate qualifications are not aware of this situation, so, although they do not have enough knowledge and experience, with their great self-confidence, easily aspire to great opportunities. The theory claims that this courage stems from the ignorance of individuals.
We see that these incompetent people, especially those who believe that they are very knowledgeable in business life, constantly try to bring them to the forefront, make their small and worthless work seems like a great success and without knowledge and experiences aspire to the higher positions thus easily affect the people who are in the position executive and director in a positive sense. In short, this ignorant courage creates an incredible self-propelled force in an individual.
On the other hand, we witness that individuals with real knowledge and experience are more humble and tend to see their important work as ordinary. These individuals, who expect to be appreciated by their superiors, think they don't appreciate over time and lose their motivation to work. Because of this, they are not regarded as individuals who will overcome the task by their supervisors, and according to the theory they are accused of lack of passion by their supervisors.
- They don't realize they're unqualified.
- They constantly exaggerate their qualities.
- They're weak to recognize qualified people.
- They do not care about knowledge and education.
- When they start training, they begin to realize that they are unqualified.
- They claim to know the best of everything.
- They create stress by making a lot of noise.
- They are against exchanging ideas and helping themselves.
- They pretend to have calculated every possibility.
- They lie very easily and deny what they say.
- When they fail, they immediately find a scapegoat and do not accept their mistake.
- They show respect their superiors but behave cruelly their subordinates.
We don't just meet people like this in the business world. In social environments, we see many people affected by this syndrome. These people have knowledge about everything from science to philosophy to law to human relations. No matter how much you are experts in a matter, it is not possible to know as much as they are. Although they do not have the smallest information, they make clear predictions about the future. In no way they accept your justification. They do not hesitate to explain the slightest success they have achieved, or the smallest good they do, by exaggerating. In fact, they are in a great psychological disturbance, and they continue to live their lives without being aware of their unbalanced behavior.This disturbance affects a wide range of people, from civil servants to artists, politicians to scientists.
As a result, the positions and career steps of people affected by this syndrome cause great harm to the environment in the sense of creativity and productivity. it is more likely that this syndrome will occur in societies with low literacy and low educational levels. In particular, it is clearly seen that inadequate individuals who come to important authorities in the field of politics have harmed their country. The current process in Venezuela is a good example of this. In this respect, showing the necessary care for quality education, determining the merit criteria with clear lines, motivating individuals to have the necessary self-confidence in the subjects where they are sufficient, and their efforts to be at the forefront based on their competence will greatly reduce the effects of this syndrome. Bertrand Russeli, the famous philosopher, has a clear statement of this subject;
'One of the painful things about our time is that
those who feel certainty are stupid, and those with any imagination and
understanding are filled with doubt and indecision'.
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